Monday, September 29, 2008

Rabbit Breed: American Fuzzy Lop

Origins: These rabbits were descended from Holland Lops, as a result of attempts to develop different markings (Holland Lops initially only had solid colors). Crossing with English Spots and French Angoras apparently had varied effects, such as the "right" markings but "wrong" fur type, and a "wool" fur type from a recessive gene. Around 1980, America breeder Patty Greene-Karl worked with the recessive "woolly" gene to breed "fuzzy" Holland Lops. From there, she developed a new breed, the American Fuzzy Lop, officially recognized in 1988.

Size: Small to medium, 3 1/2 to 4 pounds.

Physical Appearance: This cute bunny has a round and cobby body, short lop ears that hang about one inch below the jaw, and a flat wide face. It has a "no neck" appearance, with a proportionally large head. Fur is dense and long.

Characteristics: Affectionate, loving, sweet-tempered.

Colors: Nineteen recognized colors, including tortoiseshell, chocolate, lilac, chinchilla, squirrel, fawn, and others.

Special Facts: Adult American Fuzzy Lops are easier to groom than juvenile ones. Youngsters have soft coats that matt easily, so they need careful daily grooming. Once they mature and grow their "woolly" adult coats, these will be easier to care for.

Monday, September 22, 2008

Do You Buy Pets On Impulse?

Impulse pet shopping is always a bad idea!

Pet store animals are irresistible. They look like soft toys, and as they press their button noses and little paws to the glass, they seem to be pleading with you to take them home.

Many people succumb to the appeal without a thought. The credit card is pulled out, and the pet handed over in a pretty carrier. This happens especially often when the purchaser has children who are begging; "Pleeeeeeeeeease buy it for me, I promise to look after it forever!"

Unfortunately, "forever" usually lasts until the pet does its first poop on the bed, falls sick, starts to smell, or grows big and ugly. If only more people would just think carefully, do their research, and prepare the home and family first!

Pets are not toys to purchase and discard. They have emotions. They need stability, knowledgeable care and patient affection as well as proper diets, clean drinking water, baths, training, medical attention, toys, treats, walks, grooming, and clean living quarters.

When you tire of a toy, you can neglect it, sell it, destroy it, trash it, or give it away. But a pet is a living creature. It should never have to be neglected, killed, or passed around like a sack of unwanted goods just because someone did not think carefully before taking it home.

Pets need years and years--not weeks--of commitment. Think about that before you buy one. And please obtain the whole family's consent before acquiring a pet. "Mom doesn't approve" is a pathetic reason for giving away, killing. or abandoning an animal that depends on you to survive and sees you as its whole world.

Sunday, September 21, 2008

Dog Breed: Shih Tzu

Origins: The Shih Tzu was bred from Tibetan and Chinese dogs, and kept as a pet by royalty and nobility.

Size: Small. About 26cm tall at the shoulder.

Physical Appearance: Double-coated, with a long, dense outer coat and thick undercoat. The hair is luxurious and flowing, usually straight but sometimes with a slight wave, and needs a tremendous amount of care. Owners are advised to tie the hair on the dog's head into a topknot to keep it neat and out of its eyes. Face has a sweet expression.

Characteristics: Intelligent, alert, active, happy, affectionate, friendly.

Colors: All colors.

Special Facts: Because Shih Tzus have similar origins to Lhasa Apsos the two breeds were confused in Europe adn the USA when they first reached the Western world in the 1930s. In the USA, Shih Tzus were even initially registered as Lhasa Apsos and interbred with them!

Friday, June 27, 2008

What Can You Do If Your Cat Has Feline Herpes Virus?

People always say "Prevention is better than cure." About 80% of cats have been exposed to FHV at some point in their life. It is difficult to prevent infections. Vaccination is available for FHV, however it is not 100% protective. Vaccinations can only help to reduce the severity of the cat flu and conjunctivitis. The normal 4-in-1 or 3-in-1 vaccination that your cat receives does cover FHV along with other viruses.

To attempt to lessen the severity of viral cat flu in cats, it is recommended that all kittens receive their three kitten vaccinations starting from 6 to 8 weeks of age and an adult booster vaccination 1 year after the last kitten vaccination. The subsequent booster vaccinations frequency can then be determined by the vet based on the risk of infection.

If there is low risk of infection by the viruses that the veterinarians vaccinate against, then it be best to give a booster vaccination every 3 years instead of yearly vaccinations.

Can I catch herpes from my cat?
No, only domesticated cats and their close relatives can catch Feline Herpes Virus.
Cat flu has many causes apart from FHV. Please seek veterinary attention should your cat develop cat flu and/or conjunctivitis. Do not attempt to self-medicate at the detriment of your cat or kitten.

Read More On Related Topics:
  1. What Is Feline Herpes Virus Infection?
  2. Is There Any Cure For Feline Herpes Virus?
  3. What Are The Treatments For Feline Herpes Virus?
  4. What Can You Do If Your Cat Has Feline Herpes Virus?

Thursday, June 26, 2008

What Are The Common Diseases In Rabbits?

Common diseases in rabbits are not too difficult to spot. That's only if you really take the time to observe and interact with your bunny everyday. We take a look at some of the common rabbit diseases so that you'll know when to seek veterinary advice if your rabbit does have any of them.

Common Diseases In Rabbits

Wednesday, June 25, 2008

Ocular Diseases In Rabbits: Epiphora and Dacryocystitis

Rabbits with epiphora (watery eye) or dacryocystitis (infection of the tear sac) often present with staining and wetness of fur at the corner of the eye and occasionally accompanied by squinting and redness of the eye, thick mucous discharge or fur loss around the eye.

Epiphora is the production of excessive tears whereas dacryocystitis is the production of mucoid discharge. Causes of ocular discharge include:

  • Dental disease
  • Primary bacterial infections
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Corneal disease
  • Eyelid problems
  • Foreign body and tear duct problems
  • Environmental irritation by perfumes, fragrances, hair sprays, paint or cooking fumes, smoke, dust, etc.
To effect the best treatment, we will need to first try to identify the underlying cause and in order to do so, certain diagnostic tests may need to be performed before treatment may be instituted.

Tuesday, June 24, 2008

The What, the Why, and the Benefits of Sterilizing Our Pets

Sterilizing a pet involves a one-time surgical procedure to remove part of its reproductive organs. This permanently prevents the pet from reproducing.

Sterilization is most commonly carried out on dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs from the age of six months and upwards. Males have their testicles removed; females have their ovaries and uterus removed.

The surgery is performed by licensed veterinarians, and the animal is under general anesthesia throughout. Most are back to normal in 24 to 48 hours after surgery.

Why Do We Sterilize Our Pets?

The most pressing reason for sterilization is to prevent unwanted young from being born. There are already more than enough abandoned animals in the world, so sterilizing pets helps control the situation.

You may be responsible owner with no intention of breeding your pet, but "accidents" do happen. Your pet may escape from home and mate outside; another animal may enter your home without your knowledge; or it may mate with someone else's pet at a pets-and-owners gathering!

The Benefits and Precautions


Besides preventing unwanted litters, sterilization affects pets' hormones so they become less likely to wander in search of a mate or behave aggressively. They are also less prone to disease such as womb infections, and mammary and testicular cancers.

Because sterilized pets often become more home-loving, they may gain weight because owners do not correspondingly reduce their feeds! So control your pet's food intake and give it more exercise. And watch for complications like loss of bladder control in older pets - this can be treated with medication.

Monday, June 23, 2008

What Are The Treatments For Feline Herpes Virus?

Like with most viral infections, a lot of the treatment is relied on the cat's own body immunity to fight the virus. The human antiviral medications used to treat human herpes viral infections can be used in cats but not without grave side effects and high costs. Therefore they are not routinely used unless in life-threatening situation.

The human alpha-interferon and a newer feline omega-interferon are alternative treatment drugs that may aid in the management of some cats. It is unlikely to lead to a cure but used only to try to lessen the severity of the clinical signs. Both are costly drugs with low success rates.

Some veterinarians would normally treat cats with suspected FHV-related cat flu or conjunctivitis with an oral L-Lysine supplement. L-Lysine is an amino acid (building block for protein) that has some antiviral properties and is very safe to use in cats with little or no side-effects at all.

It does not cure the cat of the virus but it helps to lessen the clinical signs of disease in the cat. In my opinion this is by far the best and most cost-effective "treatment" for FHV with favorable results obtained in many cats.

L-Lysine supplements come in several forms: from liquid syrups (usually together with other B vitamins in Children syrups) to tablets (GNC Lysine tablets) and recently a newly introduced paste form (Enisyl-F) specially formulated for cats have been introduced in many veterinary clinics.

If there is severe conjunctivitis or greenish nasal discharge, topical antibiotic eye drops or oral antibiotics may be prescribed concurrently. L-Lysine supplementation is also recommended in times of stress or illness even if the cat does not show signs of cat flu or have an eye problem yet.

Read More On Related Topics:

  1. What Is Feline Herpes Virus Infection?
  2. Is There Any Cure For Feline Herpes Virus?
  3. What Are The Treatments For Feline Herpes Virus?
  4. What Can You Do If Your Cat Has Feline Herpes Virus?

Saturday, June 21, 2008

Dog Breed: Yorkshire Terrier

Origins: The "Yorkie" was developed in Yorkshire, England, most likely from various small terriers and the Maltese.

Size: Small. About 23cm tall at the shoulder.

Physical Appearance: Glossy-coated, with fine, straight, silky hair. Yorkies should have hair of a dark steel-blue covering the body from neck to root of tail. This contrasts with tan-colored hair over the head, chest, and front legs. The contrast is especially striking in flawlessly groomed show dogs. Show Yorkies' coats need a tremendous amount of care.

Characteristics: Affectionate, lively, alert, fearless.

Colors: Dark steel-blue and tan.

Special Facts: Although Chihuahuas are generally acknowledged as the smallest breed of dog, the smallest officially recorded individual was a two-year-old Yorkshire Terrier which was only two-and-half inches tall at the shoulder, and which died in 1945. Even the smallest living dog is also a Yorkshire Terrier from the UK which stands three inches tall.

Friday, June 20, 2008

Help! My Rabbit Has A Bent Neck!

Head tilting is a common problem in rabbits. Affected rabbits have a bent neck with the head flopping to one side to varying degrees (up to 90 degrees). These rabbits may be anorexic, wobbly when walking, trembling, paralyzed, or have more severe neurological signs.

This condition is usually due to an ear infection, middle ear infection or brain infection with either a bacteria called Pasteurella or an organism called Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Some rabbits appear to spontaneously recover from the head tilt whilst others never do despite treatment. Depending on the severity, some rabbits can go on to lead "normal" lives despite having a head tilt. Treatment usually consists of lone term supportive care, antibiotics and/or antiprotozoal medication.

Thursday, June 19, 2008

Building Trust With New Adult Pets

Because I raised my dog from puppyhood, I know him very well. I know his moods. I have no fear about rubbing noses with him, putting my face between his jaws to check his teeth, or touching foreheads and staring straight into his eyes (normally a sign of aggression).

However, I would never be so foolish as to try any of that with a dog I am unfamiliar with. And I know well not to startle even my pooch when he is in a jumpy mood. I could lose an eye - and knowing that it was an accident will be no consolation after the event!

When you adopt an adult pet, build trust slowly and patiently. A cat you reared from kittenhood may know you're being affectionate if you grab it and nuzzle its coat, but do the same to a new adult cat and it may think you're about to bite it. Facial lacerations (yours, not the cat's) should not be a surprising result of such an impulsive act.

You do not know what abuse the pet experienced before you rescued it; you do not know its trigger-points and fears. Always approach gently; when it is asleep, do not wake it suddenly; do not exhibit threatening behavior; speak calmly but authoritatively; spend time showing that you will never harm it.

Strictly supervise its interactions with children, visitors and other pets; you do not know if it has had bad experiences with kids, strangers or other animals before, and if it will react aggressively to them.

Wednesday, June 18, 2008

Is There Any Cure For Feline Herpes Virus?

Unfortunately, there is no effective cure for FHV in the cat. There is a saying that says: "Herpes is forever!" Like in the human, once infected, a cat can either eliminate the virus from the body, or it becomes a carrier and lives with the virus for life. This virus enters and hides in the nerve systems of the cat, thus protecting it from being killed by the cat's immune system. There it stays dormant in the nerves until in times of illness or stress, when the body's immune system is suppressed, the virus then resurfaces to cause disease.

Your cat will subsequently either start sneezing again or get its eye problem back. It is through this clever mechanism that FHV results in chronic recurrent cat flue or eye problems. Cats have an increased risk of becoming carriers if they are infected at a young age before they have vaccination immunity or mature immune systems.

Read More On Related Topics:

  1. What Is Feline Herpes Virus Infection?
  2. Is There Any Cure For Feline Herpes Virus?
  3. What Are The Treatments For Feline Herpes Virus?
  4. What Can You Do If Your Cat Has Feline Herpes Virus?

Tuesday, June 17, 2008

Dog Breed: Australia Silky Terrier

Origins: "Silkies" resemble Yorkshire Terriers so closely because the latter were used in the development of the breed in Australia in the 1800s. Other dogs involved in the Silky Terrier's genes include Australian Terriers and Skye Terriers.

Size: Small. About 23cm tall at the shoulder.

Physical Appearance: Straight-coated, with fine, glossy, long hairs often kept neat by being parted down the middle of the dog's back. The tips of the hairs are usually darker than the roots, and in show dogs, these dark tips should contain black. Like the Yorkshire, "typical" Silky Terriers have tan-colored hair around the head, chest and feet, and darker-colored hair over the body.

Characteristics: Lively, friendly, alert, active.

Colors: Blue and tan, gray-blue and tan, sometimes even cream-colored.

Special Facts: These tiny, dainty little dogs considered a "toy" breed make surprisingly good watchdogs because they are so alert, and they are also quite efficient at hunting pests such as mice.

Monday, June 16, 2008

How To Get Rid Of Fleas, Lice, And Fur Mites On Rabbits?

Fleas, lice, and fur mites are three of the most common ectoparasites that can affect rabbits. Being completely indoors does not preclude a rabbit from getting infested with ectoparasites.

To look for these ectoparasites, use your fingers to part the hair to look for little white or black dots on the hair shaft or one the skin scurrying away from light. The vet may even pluck some of these hairs for microscopic examination. Itchiness along with scaling of the skin may indicate an ectoparasite infestation.

These ectoparasites are transmitted through close contact with infected rabbits or contaminated environment or bedding.

Once diagnosed, these ectoparasites are easily treated with Revolution.

Sarcoptes scabeii is a mite that commonly affects rabbits. It causes a skin condition called scabies where the feet, nose, and ears become very crusty, scabby, and very itchy. Diagnosis requires the identification of the mite through skin scrapings of the affected areas.

Treatment will involve either fortnightly injections with ivermectin or topical treatment with Revolution. This skin disease is highly contagious to humans, dogs, cats, and other rabbits living in close contact with the infected rabbit.

Saturday, June 14, 2008

Tips On Bringing An Adult Pet Home

A new pet will need time to get used to your home. Your household must also get used to the animal's personality and needs.

Do not overwhelm the new pet with too much attention. It is likely to be already frightened and disoriented. While baby animals especially need a lot of time to sleep and rest, full-grown ones must also be given space to check things out. You should, of course, have pet-proofed your home so nothing within reach poses a danger to it.

If you have adopted a stray or abandoned animal, take these important first steps:

  • Have a vet give your pet a thorough check-up. It may have picked up illnesses during its time on the streets, or through a previous owner's mistreatment. A vet will identify the health problems and advise you how to manage them.
  • Get it vaccinated against serious disease common to its species. It is always heartbreaking for any caring owner to lose a pet to an illness that could have been prevented.
  • Try to learn what its regular diet was before you adopted it so that you can gradually ease it into a new one. If you just take a stray off the streets and feed it nothing buy top-grade commercial pet food, it may suffer digestive upsets. First, give meals that are three quarters of its usual food with a bit of the new, then decrease and increase the relevant quantities over a week until it is comfortably eating eh new food only.
  • Toilet-training, obedience-training and understanding household rules will take time. Be very patient. Never hit, frighten or scream at the pet if it makes a mess.

Friday, June 13, 2008

What Is Feline Herpes Virus Infection?

Feline Herpes Virus of FHV is one of the most common viruses infecting cats all around the world. The word "herpes" brings a shudder to many people as we immediately think of genital warts or cold sores in our human counterparts. Do not panic for your beloved cats as these feared disease conditions do not occur in the cat.

Instead, FHV is one of the two most common viral causes of the cat flu and conjunctivitis (eye infection) in our feline friends. Affected cats often present with sneezing, nasal discharge and can have concurrent conjunctivitis. The virus usually affects only one eye in the cat. Corneal ulcers may also be present in the affected eye. These clinical signs of a FHV infection can range from being very mild to very severe and may be self-limiting in some cats. The more severe clinical signs are often seen in the young and old cats with compromised immune systems.

Diagnosis of FHV cannot be confirmed through routine diagnostic tests like a blood test. The virus may be documented by testing conjunctival samples through complicated laboratory testing however these diagnostic tests are not available in some cities. Therefore diagnosis of a FHV infection in the cat is often one of a presumptive diagnosis based on history and clinical signs.

Read More On Related Topics:

  1. What Is Feline Herpes Virus Infection?
  2. Is There Any Cure For Feline Herpes Virus?
  3. What Are The Treatments For Feline Herpes Virus?
  4. What Can You Do If Your Cat Has Feline Herpes Virus?

Thursday, June 12, 2008

Dog Breed: Scottish Terrier

Origins: Developing in Aberdeen, Scotland, to catch vermin. It used to be known as the Aberdeen Terrier, or the Broken-haired Terrier.

Size: Small. A short dog at about 25cm tall at the shoulder, but substantially built.

Physical Appearance: Short-legged and thick-set, with a harsh, wiry outer coat. Also has a finer, dense undercoat. Noted for its long head, attractive beard and prominent eyebrows. Heat ears and a tail of moderate length.

Characteristics: Agile, sporty, playful, loyal, intelligent, independent, bold, affectionate to owner but may be reserved with strangers.

Colors: Most familiar in black, but also bred in wheaten and brindle colors.

Special Facts: The short-legged, bearded profile of the Scottish Terrier or "Scottie" is so distinctive that it is used in many designs for all kinds of items from fashion accessories to biscuits, especially for products relating to Scotland or the UK in general. Pet lovers who grew up reading Enid Blyton's "Five Find-Outers" books may remember that Fatty's little dog, Buster, was a black Scottish Terrier!

Wednesday, June 11, 2008

Rabbit Disease: Sore hocks

The medical term for sore hocks is pododermatitis. Sore hocks as it is commonly called start off as pressure sores that affect the underside of both hind feet of a rabbit. These pressure sores may vary in how they look from bare skin on the point of the hocks to inflamed, ulcerated, bleeding, infected swollen lumps with pus. In severe cases, the infection can extend deep to the underlying bones and tendons, resulting in permanent disability.

Sore hocks can be a painful condition and can cause lameness in rabbits. It is a disease that can developed secondary to trauma from keeping rabbits on wired/soft/slippery/hard surfaces or on dirty/damp bedding. Conformational or physical abnormalities such as in pregnant, overweight, underweight, or giant rabbit breeds as well as repeated "thumping" of the hind legs, hind leg injury or arthritis, soiling of the feet with diarrhea or urine can also predispose rabbits to sock hocks.

Sore hocks can be a very difficult problem to treat in rabbits. Treatment is aimed in providing suitable bedding such as a dry lawn, deep bed of hay, thick towels, foam rubber, bandaging and medicating the lesions. In very severe cases, amputation or even euthanasia may be indicated.

Tuesday, June 10, 2008

Keeping Ticks Under Control

Ticks, a species of arachnid, feed on blood and can transmit serious illnesses such as Lyme disease and tick fever to pets and people. They also cause skin irritation, and if an infestation gets out of control, anemia could occur.

To manage ticks, ask your vet about treatments designed to be applied monthly to an area the pet cannot reach by licking (usually, the skin between the shoulder blades). Such treatments kill ticks within hours of contact with the pet's coat.

Because ticks also live and lay eggs in places such as fields, under rocks and in crevices, treat surroundings, furniture, and pet bedding occasionally with a pet- and human-safe insecticide. After taking dogs on walks, check thoroughly to make sure no parasites have attached themselves.

Whenever you find a tick, regardless of its size - whether it is one of the small reddish-brown ones or a bloated, grayish one - do not squeeze or crush it. This may release its eggs and any viruses it is carrying into the environment.

Do not listen to people who tell you to kill ticks with hot matches. You may accidentally burn your pet instead. Some advise removing attached ticks by killing them with a pyrethrin spray, then picking the dead ticks off with tweezers; others just pull them out. However, the latter method often means that the tick's mouthparts remain embedded in the pet's skin, irritating it.

After removal, clean the bite and apply antiseptic cream.

Saturday, June 7, 2008

Rabbit Disease: Red Urine

Normal rabbit urine can be clear to turbid, and the color can vary from yellow to orange and red. Red urine can be due to pigments from the food that is the rabbit is eating or blood which will then indicate a urinary tract infection, cystitis, bladder stones, or womb cancer in female rabbits.

Your vet will need to analyze the urine in order to differentiate between pigmentation or blood and then the appropriate treatment or further diagnostics can then be instituted.

Friday, June 6, 2008

How You Can Help Abandoned or Lost Pets?

If you com across an animal that has obviously been abandoned (that is, it looks frightened, unfamiliar with its surroundings, ill-fed, and dirty), help it.

If it is friendly and you are able to approach it, find a suitable leash/rope or carrier and take it home. After that, call an animal welfare organization to see if they have fosterers available to take the animal in. If the animal is in good shape, young, and friendly, the SPCA too may be able to put it up for adoption.

If you can adopt the animal, all the better! Call a welfare society or see a vet for advice about caring for your new pet. If you can't adopt, and the welfare groups have no fosterers but you want the animal to live, perhaps you will be generous enough to sponsor its maintenance elsewhere?

If you cannot catch an animal that clearly needs help, yet runs away from you despite your efforts, some welfare organizations have volunteers who may be able to help you catch it. However, not all have sufficient manpower, so try your best first.

Do no confuse sterilized strays with abandoned pets. Sterilized strays are cared for by animal welfare volunteers. You will recognize them by their familiarity with where they live, and their healthy appearance.

Also, if you see a young kitten on its own, do not take it away. Its mother is probably out looking for food and will be very distressed if she returns to find it missing. To be certain, remain at a distance to observe. You may have to wait a long time, or return later in the day to check. If the mother is still caring for the kitten, let her do her in peace.

Thursday, June 5, 2008

Snuffles: Respiratory Tract Infection In Rabbits

"Snuffles" is a respiratory tract infection also known as Rabbit "Flu." Affected rabbits are sneezing and have nasal discharge (watery or mucous).

There are 3 main causes of "snuffles" in rabbits, namely infectious causes, nasal foreign bodies such as hair, grass, hay, seeds etc, and tooth root abscesses/infections. The most common cause for snuffles is a bacteria called Pasteurella. However not all "snuffles" cases are due to this bacteria. There are other bacteria and viruses that can lead to respiratory tract infection too.

Infected rabbits present in varying degrees of severity. Some just present with mild clinical signs like sneezing and nasal discharge, while others present with breathing, difficulties and lung involvement.

Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and/or chest x-rays and endoscopy findings. Most rabbits will respond to antibiotics but some may require long term antibiotics.

Wednesday, June 4, 2008

What Can Happen When Pets Are Abandoned or Lost?

A domesticated animal is very different from a wild one. It does not know how to fend for itself. It might barely know how to feed itself. If abandoned, it is vulnerable to countless dangers:

* It may be attacked by predators or territorial animals of its own species. Even if it does not die from an attack, the resulting wounds may slowly infect and kill it.
* It may be abused by cruel people.
* It may wander onto the roads and be hit by a vehicle.
* It may die of heatstroke.
* It may die from thirst or starvation.
* It may suffer the pain of disease, infections, or injury.
* It will be bewildered, disorientated, and unable to defend itself.

If you can no longer care for a pet, never abandon it. Try to have it rehomed. If that fails, take it to the SPCA or a veterinarian to have it put down. Some people may think it extreme to put a pet to sleep if it can't find a new home, but seeing animals suffering severe illness, a quick and humane death is infinitely preferable to a long-drawn-out one.

Tuesday, June 3, 2008

Dog Breed: Pembroke Welsh Corgi

Origins: Interbred with the Cardigan Welsh Corgi until the 1930s, after which the two became separate varieties. Originally used to herd cattle.

Size: Small. About 25 0 30cm tall at the shoulder, but very sturdily built.

Physical Appearance: Dense-coated, foxy-faced, and generally a "prettier" dog than the Cardigan, which has a bushy, long one. Otherwise similarly built, with upright, prominent, slightly rounded ears.

Characteristics: Alert, active, bold, outgoing, with plenty of stamina. As Pembroke Welsh Corgis were bred to herd cattle by nipping at their heels, most individuals of this breed are naturally rather nippy, even more so than Cardigans, so they do not make good pets for children.

Colors: Red, sable, fawn, black and tan, with or without white markings.

Special Facts: This is the favorite breed of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II!

Monday, June 2, 2008

Diarrhea In Rabbits

The presence of soft stools in rabbits can be misinterpreted as diarrhea. These "soft stools" that look like a bunch of tiny grapes stuck onto the backside of rabbits are often caecotrophs which are normal.

Rabbits with diarrhea often have watery stools and are ill. Inappropriate diet, sudden changes in diet, certain antibiotics, stress, intestinal parasites, and enteritis are some of the causes of diarrhea in rabbits.

A fecal analysis is often performed to look for intestinal parasites. Treatments include giving probiotics to restore normal gut flora and supportive treatment.

Diarrhea in rabbits is a serious medical condition and warrants immediate veterinary attention especially if the rabbit stops eating and becomes dull and listless. Rabbits can die from severe diarrhea.

Saturday, May 31, 2008

Dog Breed: Cardigan Welsh Corgi

Origins: The Cardigan Welsh Corgi is an old British breed. Despite its small size, it has long been used for herding cattle. The Cardigan Welsh and Pembroke Welsh Corgis did not become separate varieties until the 1930s.

Size: Small. It may be short at just 30cm at the shoulder, but it is a long, sturdily-built dog.

Physical Appearance: Tough, heavy-boned, substantial in the body. Has a bushy long tail (unlike the Pembroke, which has a short tail), and upright and prominent ears which are slightly rounded. Water-resistant, hard-textured coat, with an undercoat.

Characteristics: Active, intelligent, outgoing, devoted, usually of calmer temperament than the Pembroke. Although the breed is normally not aggressive, Corgis do tent to be a bit snappy, so they are not good as pets for children.

Colors: All colors, with or without white markings.

Special Facts: In the Celtic language, "corgi" means dog. The coat must be brushed every day.

Friday, May 30, 2008

The Consequences Of Abandoned or Lost Pets

Abandoned or lost pets are distressed, not free from captivity.

If you have ever witnessed the panic that overcomes a small child when he turns around in a busy mall to find that his mother is not where he thought she was, you have some understanding of the fear a pet feels when it is suddenly abandoned.

The child who can't find his mother in a store may sob, scream, stamp his feet and wail, but when his mum, who is really only a few feet away, comes running, the crisis is over. The tears dry up, the sobs wane, and in a few minutes the child is all smiles again.

An abandoned pet cannot wail and run to a friendly mall staff member. It doesn't have the words to ask for help. But it is in as much distress as any lost child. Animals that are more vocal, like dogs, may whine or whimper and run about looking for a familiar face or voice; others that don't often make many noises, like rabbits, may cower and hide.

Even pets that always seem to be making a bid for freedom from their homes do not realize the consequences of their attempts. Just because it always seems to be trying to slip out the door, it does not mean it can survive without you.

A domesticated animal depends on its human carers to feed, water, shelter, and medicate it. If it is abandoned or lost, terrible things can happen to it.

Thursday, May 29, 2008

Dental Disease In Rabbits

Acquired dental disease (ADD) is a common condition that is almost specific to indoor pet rabbits. Wild or pet rabbits that are housed outdoors all year round with unrestricted access to grazing and browsing tend not develop this syndrome. This condition is usually due to environmental (husbandry) or genetic factors or a combination of both.

Rabbits teeth are special in that they grow continuous throughout life. They rely on chewing and gnawing to wear the teeth down. The main cause of dental disease in pet rabbits is feeding an inappropriate diet that lacks appropriate fiber content. Fractured jaws or broken teeth can also result in ADD.

Dwarf breeds are genetically predisposed to dental disease. They are often born with an overshot lower jaw or an undershot upper jaw resulting in the lower incisors being in front of the upper incisors. The resulting malocclusion can lead to problems in teeth wear in both the incisors (front teeth) and the cheek teeth sets and thus result in dental disease. The teeth of rabbits with ADD are often misshapen and curved. These can lead to pain, inappetance, abscesses, and cuts to the gums.

Examination of the mouth is not always easy to perform in a conscious rabbit. Sedation or general anesthesia may be required for a thorough oral inspection. Dental or skull x-ray may also be performed to assess the condition of the tooth roots.

The treatment of rabbit dental disease is often very difficult and long termed. This disease condition is progressive by nature and in many cases a cure may not be possible. Treatment may involve dietary management, dental intervention like teeth trimming and filing, and/or antibiotics and painkillers. In severe cases of tooth abscessation, euthanasia may be warranted.

Tuesday, May 27, 2008

Special Grooming Needs For Cats

An old cat may be less flexible, and less able to groom the hard to reach bits. Compare it with a young cat that cleans itself all over several times a day, in addition to being groomed by owners, and you will understand why you should groom older cats more often.

These are not the only cats that need extra grooming.

If you keep a few cats, and one loves to groom the others, it will naturally swallow much more hair than a cat that only cleans itself. You should thus keep all your cats well brushed to remove loose hairs. This prevents any cat from swallowing more hair than absolutely necessary and developing a hairball problem as a result.

Long-haired breeds must be groomed at least daily. Otherwise, their fur gets matted. Once this happens, you usually have no choice but to cut off the matted fur, leaving temporary bald patches on your beautiful kitty.

If it's shedding or molting, it must be groomed daily too, or those hairs will end up inside it. If it is recovering from an illness, it may also have neglected its grooming, so you'll have to help.

Finally, if a cat has fallen into or brushed against a substance that should not be swallowed, brush, wipe, bathe the stuff off before it makes itself sick by licking it off.

Friday, May 23, 2008

Grooming Your Cat's Tummy and Tail

Over time, as the cat comes to trust you and enjoy these grooming sessions, place a soft brush nearby each time to accustom the cat to it. Depending on the cat, this could take days or months! If it tries to swat the brush or bite it, remove the brush so the cat doesn't think it's a toy.

Once it allows you to pick up the brush without batting or biting, start brushing at areas where it enjoys being scratched. Many cats love to be scratched under the chin, around the ears or the middle of the spine.

Areas many cats feel defensive about include the tail and belly. If the cat is upside down and you stroke its tummy, it feels it's being attacked, so it may scratch or bite. Groom its tummy and tail only when it trusts you perfectly.

Thursday, May 22, 2008

Using Grooming Tools On Cats

Choose the right brush or comb for your cat's coat, with advice from a pet shop or professional groomer. Consider your individual pet too. Some cats have very sensitive skin, so use sharp-toothed combs or brushes sparingly, and always be gentle.

If your cat is short-haired, bristle brush (natural bristles are better) will work fine. Many cats also like those rubber brushes that both neaten the fur and massage the body.

If yours is a long-haired cat, you'll need a metal-toothed comb - look for one with long and short teeth, and with blunt tips that don't scratch.

Slicker brushes (those with very thin, fine metal wires covering the whole surface) are mainly used on dogs with thick, dense fur that sometimes traps loose hairs under the top coat. Most cats don't need slicker brushes, but if yours does, be careful not to nick its skin with the sharp metal tips.

Whether you are using a brush or comb, if at any point you encounter a tangle matt or knot in the fur, don't pull at it. This will hurt your cat and may put it off being groomed. Examine the obstruction closely to see if you can unknot it with your fingers without tugging at the cat's skin.

If you can't, take a pair of blunt-tipped scissors and very carefully cut off the knot or tangle, even if this means leaving a bald patch. Matts and knots must be removed, because their tightness pulls on the cat's skin all the time, giving discomfort to your pet.

Monday, May 19, 2008

Brushing Your Cat

Brushing or combing your cat regularly helps remove all the loose hairs that it would otherwise swallow when it grooms itself. Swallowing too much of its own or other cats' hair will give your pet hairballs, which it may have to throw up in some discomfort.

Generally speaking, short-haired cats need not be broomed as often as long-haired ones. A weekly brushing is theoretically sufficient for short-haired cats, while long-haired felines needs daily combing.

However, grooming can be such a pleasurable bonding experience between cat and owner that even the short-haired should be gently brushed daily if both pet and human enjoy it.

Unfortunately some cats have had bad grooming experiences, with previous owners who hit it with brushes or did not know how to groom it properly. If you adopt such a cat, it may initially be very wary of anything associated with grooming.

In such cases, start only with your hands, by gently runni8ng them over the cat - always in the direction of hair growth. Cats do not like having their hair rubbed the wrong way, Your hands alone, if very slightly dampened with water, will pick up quite a lot of the loose hairs so be prepared to vacuum or sweep them off your lap or the sofa afterwards.

Sunday, May 18, 2008

Identification For Your Dog

The majority of lost dogs taken in by the local shelters or SPCA arrive with no identification - no collars with licenses or owners' particulars on a tag, and not microchipped. There is thus no simple way for the shelters or SPCA to trace the dog's owners.

Some owners do not even report to the appropriate authorities that their pets are missing. Sadly dogs brought in that do not match descriptions provided by owners, and which have no identification tags or microchips, may be put to sleep if they are not selected for adoption.

If your dog goes missing, your chances of finding it are increased if it is licensed with the local authorities, and is wearing its license tag on its collar. In fact, displaying the license tag on your dog's collar at all times is a legal requirement, punishable by law if not done.

Also engrave your name and address or contact number on a separate identification tag and add that to your dog's collar. These ID tags are available from pet shops and are an easy way for anyone who finds your dog to get in touch with you.

Microchipping is a permanent means of identification and additional safeguard. Your veterinarian can carry out this procedure. The microchip is very small (about the size of a grain of rice). After the procedure, register your dog's microchip number with your local authorities - SPCA.

Wednesday, May 14, 2008

Before Your Dog Goes Missing

If your dog should get lost one day, will you have done everything possible to maximize the chances of its safe return? Most of the actions you can take to give your pet the highest chances of being reunited with you are things that must be done before the dog goes missing, so act now.

Some of the most basic and important steps you can take are:

  • Have your dog licensed.
  • Keep the license tag on your dog's collar at all times.
  • Add another pet ID tag (available from pet stores) to the collar with your contact number engraved on it.
  • Ask your veterinarian to microchip your dog, and register the microchip number with the SPCA.

Sunday, May 11, 2008

Toys: Little Luxuries For Pets

Toys contribute to a pet's mental, emotional, and physical development, and play brightens up an animal's life too; so don't deprive your companion of the space, opportunity and tools for having fun.

Dogs and Cats

Dog or cat owners are lucky in the sense that pet stores are packed with toys for these two species. But as any human child can tell you, playing alone isn't always fun. Playtime means more to your pet if you join in, getting it to catch the toys, or search for hidden items. Use the toys as tools for fun interaction.

Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Chinchillas

Although rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas may not want to play tug-of-war or find-the-catnip with you, but they do enjoy being encouraged to find new ways to play. Offer them boxes to hide in and cardboard rolls to hop through, and be creative with enclose panels to set up a playpen that has different sections or levels to explore.

Hamsters, Gerbils, and Mice

Hamster, gerbils, and mice enjoy exercise wheels, roller balls, tube trails and even the cardboard core left behind after you finish a roll of toilet paper. Different levels and sections in the cages also give them opportunities to climb up and down.

Birds

Birds like a variety of perches set at different heights. Some also enjoy swinging by their beaks from rings or bars. Very tame birds can be let it out into a safe room daily for more exercise; otherwise, provide the largest enclosure possible.